History 5 Last Essay

What are the two or three of the most important lessons I have taken from history of inventions and inventors?

I’m going to do three lessons.

Gatling gun, Skyscraper, and coca-cola (I’m doing the coca-cola for my dad)

First Gatling Gun

Although the first Gatling gun was capable of firing continuously, it required a person to crank it; therefore it was not a true automatic weapon. The Maxim gun, invented and patented in 1883, was the first true fully automatic, making use of the fired projectile’s recoil force to reload the weapon. Gatling gun, hand-driven machine gun, the first to solve the problems of loading, reliability, and the firing of sustained bursts. It was invented about 1862 by Richard J. Gatling during the American Civil War. After early experiments with a single barrel using paper cartridges (which had to have separate percussion cap), an opportunity to fashion a truly rapid-fire weapon.

Skyscraper

Skyscraper comes from a nautical term which referred to a small triangular sail placed above the skysail on a sailing ship. Empire State Building is a skyscraper that was the longest holder of the “world’s tallest building” title. Burj Khalifa is the tallest man-made structure in the world. Its height is 829.8 m. It also has the world’s highest nightclub, world’s highest restaurant, world’s longest travel distance elevators: 504m, and is the world’s building with most floors: 163. Taipei 101 is the tallest and largest green building in the world which means that it is environmentally responsible and resource-efficient. It was also is the first building in the world to break the half-kilometer mark in height. On May 25, 1981, Dan Goodwin climbed Sears Tower, wearing a homemade Spider-Man suit while using suction cups, and skyhooks. Goodwin said that the reason he made the climb was to call attention to shortcomings in high-rise rescue and firefighting techniques. On August 1999, French urban climber Alain “Spiderman” Robert did the same using only his bare hands and feet. Dubai, United Arab Emirates is today the city with the most skyscrapers. Empire State Building was built in 410 days. Empire State Building’s distinctive Art Deco spire was originally designed to be a mooring mast and depot for dirigibles.

Coca-Cola

Though U.S. pharmacist John S. Pemberton invented Coca-Cola in 1886, his bookkeeper, Frank Robinson invented the name. Robinson had beautiful handwriting, and his flowering script is still used today. Coca-Cola was first marketed as a nerve tonic that “relieves exhaustion.”The very first Coca-Cola products contained cocaine, about 9 milligrams per glass. It was removed from the drink in 1903. The original Coke was also alcoholic. Coca-Cola is the most widely distributed product on the planet. Only two countries in the world do not sell Coca-Cola: North Korea and Cuba. John S. Pemberton, the inventor of Coca-Cola, was a pharmacist and a colonel in the Confederate army during the Civil War. After sustaining a war-injury, he became addicted to morphine and believed his tonic would combat his addiction.

History 5 Lesson 165

Unix

Unix is one of the oldest but still most popular Operating Systems. It was invented in 1969 at AT&T Bell Labs by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie. All the Contemporary operating systems of Solaris, HP-UX, Linux, AIX are variants (a form or version of something that differs in some respect from other forms of the same thing or from a standard). Unix is a family of Multi-user operating systems. How it works: A Unix system consists of several parts, or layers as I’d like to call them. To start a system, a program called the boot loader lives at the first sector of a hard disk partition. It is started by the system, and in turn it locates the Operating System kernel, and load it.

Microprocessor

In November of 1971, a company called Intel publicly introduced the worlds first single-chip Microprocessor, the Intel 4004 (U.S. Patent #3,821,715), invented by Intel engineers Federico Faggin, Ted Hoff, and Stanley Mazor. How it works: A dual-core or multi-core processor works by combining two physical cores into a central processing unit, allowing the CPU to handle multiple threads of data at once. The core of a CPU is the part that does all of the actual work.

Video Game Console

The first generation of videos game consoles began in 1972 with the Magnavox (Latin for “great voice”. Magnavox is an American electronic company founded in the Untied States.Today it is a subsidiary of electronic corporation Philips.) Odyssey (which began development in 1968 by Ralph Baer under the code name “The Brown Box”), until 1977, when “pong-style console manufactures left the market en masse due to the video game crash of 1977 and when microprosser-based consoles were introduced. How it works: A video game is a system of complex codes that are put into the game by a programmer and then interpreted and displayed by a personal computer or video game system. Video game systems, often called consoles, all have different hardware and require different codes to work.

VHS and VCR

The first VCR to use VHS standard was the Victor HR-3300, and was introduced by the president of JVC on September 9, 1976. The United States did not receive its first VHS-based VCR, the RCA VBT200, until August 23, 1977. Despite VHS and Betamax being the major companies in the VCR market, other competitors still existed. I would tell you how they work, but its a video and I don’t know how to put links on here.

History 5 Lesson 65

The invention’s I studied and how they help the earth

#2. The pin tumbler lock (or Yale lock, after lock manufacturers Yale) is a lock mechanism that uses pins of varying lengths to prevent the lock from opening without the correct key. Pin tumblers are most commonly employed in cylinder locks, but may also be found in tubular pin tumbler locks (also known as radial locks or ace locks). The first tumbler lock was found in the ruins of the Palace of Khorsabad in Iraq. Basic principles of the pin tumbler lock may date as far back as 4000 BC in Egypt; the lock consisted of a wooden post affixed to the door and a horizontal bolt that#1. A jackhammer (pneumatic drill or demolition hammer in British English) is a pneumatic or electro-mechanical tool that combines a hammer directly with a chisel. It was invented by William Mcreavy, who then sold the patent to Charles Brady King.[1] Hand-held jackhammers are generally powered by compressed air, but some are also powered by electric motors. Larger jackhammers, such as rig mounted hammers used on construction machinery, are usually hydraulically powered. They are typically used to break up rock, pavement, and concrete. A jackhammer operates by driving an internal hammer up and down. The hammer is first driven down to strike the back and then back up to return the hammer to the original position to repeat the cycle. The effectiveness of the jackhammer is dependent on how much force is applied to the tool. It is generally used as a hammer to break the hard surface or rock in construction works and it is not considered under earth moving equipment, along with its accessories (i.e., pusher leg, lubricator). In British English, electromechanical versions are colloquially known as “Kangos”. slid into the post. The bolt had vertical openings into which a set of pins fitted. These could be lifted, using a key, to a sufficient height to allow the bolt to move and unlock the door. This wooden lock was one of Egypt’s major developments in domestic architecture during classical times. In 1805, the earliest patent for a double-acting pin tumbler lock was granted to American physician Abraham O. Stansbury in England. It was based on earlier Egyptian locks and Joseph Bramah‘s tubular pin tumbler lock. Two years later, Stansbury was granted a patent in the United States for his lock.[3]In 1848, Linus Yale, Sr. invented the modern pin-tumbler lock. In 1861, Linus Yale, Jr. was inspired by the original 1840s pin-tumbler lock designed by his father, thus inventing and patenting a smaller flat key with serrated edges as well as pins of varying lengths within the lock itself, the same design of the pin-tumbler lock in use today.

#3. The safety pin is a variation of the regular pin which includes a simple spring mechanism and a clasp. The clasp serves two purposes: to form a closed loop thereby properly fastening the pin to whatever it is applied to and to cover the end of the pin to protect the user from the sharp point. Safety pins are commonly used to fasten pieces of fabric or clothing together. Safety pins, or more usually a special version with an extra safe cover, called a nappy pin, are widely used to fasten cloth diapers (nappies), as the safety clasp, while remaining ingestion hazard,[1] prevents the baby from being jabbed. Similarly, they can be used to patch torn or damaged clothing. Safety pins can also be used as an accessory in jewelry, like earrings, chains, and wristbands. Sometimes they are used to attach an embroidered patch. Size 3 is often used in quilting and may be labeled for purchase as a “quilting pin”. Size 4 and larger may be called “blanket pins” and deemed acceptable as kilt pins for the informal dress, depending upon design and appearance.

#4.

A gyroscope is a device used for measuring or maintaining orientation and angular velocity. It is a spinning wheel or disc in which the axis of rotation is free to assume any orientation by itself. When rotating, the orientation of this axis is unaffected by tilting or rotation of the mounting, according to the conservation of angular momentum. Gyroscopes based on other operating principles also exist, such as the microchip-packaged MEMS gyroscopes found in electronic devices, solid-state ring lasers, fiber optic gyroscopes, and the extremely sensitive quantum gyroscope. Applications of gyroscopes include inertial navigation systems, such as in the Hubble telescope, or inside the steel hull of a submerged submarine. Due to their precision, gyroscopes are also used in gyrotheodolites to maintain direction in tunnel mining. Gyroscopes can be used to construct gyrocompasses, which complement or replace magnetic compasses (in ships, aircraft, and spacecraft, vehicles in general), to assist in stability (bicycles, motorcycles, and ships) or be used as part of an inertial guidance system.

History 5 Lesson 45

Inventions I studied and how they help the world

#1. John Deere invented the steel plow in 1837 when the Middle-West was being settled. The soil was different than that of the East and wood plows kept breaking. Where was it created or discovered? He invented it in Grand Detour, Illinois where he had settled. Impact on Economy The steel plow that John Deere invented benefited farmers because it allowed them to cut furrows in thick sticky Midwest soil. John Deere was an inventor, and a blacksmith. In 1837 he was working with steel and decided he was going to make a steel plow for farmers. John Deere was an American inventor and manufacturer. After his invention of the steel plow, he eventually became one of the worlds greatest plow makers! The cost of the steel plow in 1837 was $10 to $12 dollars. Today most steel plows cost well over $100 dollars. A plough (UK) or plow is a tool or farm implement used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting to loosen or turn the soil. Ploughs were traditionally drawn by working animals such as horses or cattle, but in modern times are drawn by tractors. It was used for farming to break up tough soil without soil getting stuck to it. When was it invented or first used? John Deere invented the steel plow in 1837 when the Middle-West was being settled. The soil was different than that of the East and wood plows kept breaking.–

#2. Sir Rowland Hill

A schoolmaster from England, Sir Rowland Hill invented the adhesive postage stamp in 1837, an act for which he was knighted. Through his efforts the first stamp in the world was issued in England in 1840. Roland Hill also created the first uniform postage rates that were based on weight rather than size. Rowland Hill Invents Adhesive Postage Stamps. A schoolmaster from England, Sir Rowland Hill invented the adhesive postage stamp in 1837, an act for which he was knighted with the new policy of charging by weight, more people began using envelopes to mail documents. Although a number of people laid claim to the concept of the postage stamp, it is well documented that stamps were first introduced in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 May 1840 as a part of postal reforms promoted by Sir Rowland Hill. On March 3, 1847, Congress authorized United States postage stamps. The first general issue postage stamps went on sale in New York City, July 1, 1847. One, priced at five cents, depicted Benjamin Franklin. The other, a ten-cent stamp, pictured George Washington. When World War I ended at the end of 1918, the rate was lowered to its prewar level of one cent. The postal rate was raised briefly from 1 cent to 2 cents in 1917-1919 and in 1925-1928; the conclusive raise to 2 cents was in 1951. The birth of the postage stamp dates back to May 6, 1840, when Britain issued its first stamp, the “Penny Black.”

#3. 1839 The steam shovel was invented by William Otis, who received a patent for his design in 1839. The first machines were known as ‘partial-swing’, since the boom could not rotate through 360 degrees. They were built on a railway chassis, on which the boiler and movement engines were mounted. Otis  was an American inventor of the steam shovel. Otis received a patent for his creation on February 24, 1839. In 1839 William Smith Otis, civil engineer of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was issued a US patent for the steam shovel (No. … On February 24, 1839, the patent behind number 1089 officially entered. With the help of his engineer friend, Charles H. French, he built the first steam shovel in 1835 in Canton, Massachusetts. He patented the device in 1839 and it became the earliest known bucket excavator used for removing dry earth. By 1840, the Otis shovel was a North American treasure. A steam shovel is a large steam-powered excavating machine designed for lifting and moving material such as rock and soil. It is the earliest type of power shovel or excavator. They played a major role in public works in the 19th and early 20th century, being key to the construction of railroads and the Panama Canal.

#4.In the year 1852 Goodyear went to Europe, a trip that he had long planned, and saw Thomas Hancock, then in the employ of Charles Macintosh & Company. Hancock claimed to have invented vulcanization independently, and received a British patent, initiated in 1843, but finalized in 1844. Vulcanization or vulcanisation is a chemical process for converting natural rubber or related polymers into more durable materials by the addition of sulfur or other equivalent curatives or accelerators. These additives modify the polymer by forming cross-links (bridges) between individual polymer chains. In its simplest form, vulcanization is brought about by heating rubber with sulfur. The process was discovered in 1839 by the U.S. inventor Charles Goodyear, who also noted the important function of certain additional substances in the process. The fact that rubber can be made either soft or hard greatly increases the range of things we can use it for. Soft and stretchy latex is used in all kinds of everyday things, from pencil erasers, birthday balloons, and condoms to protective gloves, adhesives, and paints. Rubber is a name given to a lot of different polymers that are all elastomers. That means they can be stretched out and they will return to their original shape when you let go. The first rubber was the natural kind from the sap of hevea trees in Central America.

History 5 Lesson 40

Inventions I studied and how they help the world

#1.Electromechanical relays are switches that typically are used to control high power electrical devices Electromechanical relays are used in many of today’s electrical machines when it is vital to control a circuit, either with a low power signal or when multiple circuits must be controlled by one single signal. The electromechanical relay, used as a constructive part of some early calculators and computers where invented in 1835 by the brilliant US scientist Joseph Henry (1797–1878), known mainly as the inventor of the electromagnetic phenomenon of self-inductance and mutual .Relays are switches that open and close circuits electromechanically or electronically. And relays control one electrical circuit by opening and closing contacts in another circuit. As relay diagrams show, when a relay contact is normally open (NO), there is an open contact when the relay is not energized. he electromechanical relay, used as a constructive part of some early calculators and computers where invented in 1835 by the brilliant US scientist Joseph Henry(1797–1878), known mainly as the inventor of the electromagnetic phenomenon of self-inductance and mutual.In this relay, when a current flows through the coil, it turns it into an electromagnet. The magnet pushes a switch to the left, forcing the spring contacts together, and completing the circuit they’re attached to. This is a relay from an electronic, hot-water immersion heater programmer. When the current is switched off, the contacts open again, switching the circuit off. A useful property of relays is that the circuit powering the coil is completely separate from the circuit switched on by the relay. For this reason relays are used where a safe low-voltage circuit controls a high-voltage circuit.

#2. Samuel Colt submitted a British patent for his revolver in 1835 and an American patent on February 25, 1836 for a Revolving gun, and made the first production model on March 5 of that year. Another revolver patent was issued to Samuel Colt on August 29, 1839.
A revolver is a repeating handgun that has a revolving cylinder containing multiple chambers and at least one barrel for firing.Though the term “revolver” usually only refers to handguns, other firearms may also have a revolving chamber. In firearms, the cylinder is the cylindrical, rotating part of a revolver containing multiple chambers. The cylinder revolves around a central axis in the revolver to bring each individual chamber into alignment with the barrel for firing. The hammer then strikes the firing pin with spring force, directly striking the bullet primer on the ammunition round in the chamber. As soon as the primer is compressed, a chain reaction is set off, igniting the gun powder in the bullet casing to extract the slug from the cylinder and down the gun barrel. The common view that revolvers are more powerful than handguns probably originates from the fact that .357 magnum (lots of man-stopping power) is a common revolver round, whereas 9mm(not so much man-stopping power) Luger is a common semi-auto handgun round.

#3. Samuel Morse invented Morse Code in Samuel F.B. Morse, in full Samuel Finley Breese Morse (born April 27, 1791, Charlestown, Massachusetts, U.S.—died April 2, 1872, New York, New York), American painter and inventor who, independent of similar efforts in Europe, developed an electric telegraph (1832–35). In1838 he developed the Morse Code. Way back in 1836, Samuel F. B. Morse, along with Joseph Henry and Alfred Vail, invented an electrical telegraph system. Before telephones were invented, it could send messages over long distances by using pulses of electricity to signal a machine to make marks on a moving paper tape. Short signals are referred to as dits (represented as dots). Long signals are referred to as dahs (represented as dashes). With the advent of radio communications, an international version of Morse code became widely used. The speed of trans mitting Morse code is measured in WPM (words per minute). This message means “S O S” (S = “…” and O is “—“), the distress signal. Officially, the short and long pulses are called “dits” and “dahs”, but we like to call them “dots” and “dashes” anyway. Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail also developed a telegraph machine, which is what is used to send Morse Code messages. The telegraph operators soon learned that they could translate the clicks directly into dots and dashes, and write these down by hand, thus making the paper tape unnecessary. When Morse code was adapted to radio communication, the dots and dashes were sent as short and long tone pulses.

#4. Origins. An early form of circuit breaker was described by Thomas Edison in an 1879 patent application, although his commercial power distribution system used fuses. Its purpose was to protect lighting circuit wiring from accidental short circuits and overloads. A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current, typically resulting from an overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected. Air Circuit Breaker is a device used to provide Over current and Short Circuit Protection for circuits ranging from 800 Amps to 10000 Amps. One should not be confused between Air Circuit Breaker and Air Blast Circuit Breaker. Air Circuit Breakers are usually used in low voltage applications below 450 volts. An early form of circuit breaker was described by Thomas Edison in an 1879 patent application, although his commercial power distribution system used fuses. Its purpose was to protect lighting circuit wiring from accidental short circuits and overloads. A circuit breaker “trips” or shuts off the electrical flow to protect the circuit from overheating and causing damage–even possibly an electrical fire. So, before you go and flip the switch on again, take a moment to determine what the root cause is of the tripping. The three typical causes are: Overloaded Circuit A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current, typically resulting from an overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected.

History 5 Lesson 20

Inventions I studied and how they help the Earth
#1. Portland Cement. Cement is made of limestone (calcium carbonate) and other materials like clay, sand, and fly ash. Cement was first made in 1824, Joseph Aspdin mix limestone and clay till the limestone was calcined. He called it Portland because the limestone looks like Portland stone. The cement was mixed in with the concrete and road was made. It took him years to make the cement and to test it on his driveway, and it worked. Cement is being used now more than ever. The U.S.A has then cement in the world and many high-ways need the cement. If we had no high-ways the ground will be bumpy a lot. If it wasn’t for Joseph Aspdin, we would have no cement and the hospital cars will be too bumpy for the person that needs help.
#2. Electromagnet. The first electromagnet was made in 1825 (1 years after Joseph Aspdin made cement). A Lancastrian electrician, William Sturgeon, revealed his invention of the electromagnet. Since he made the electromagnet, this enabled electrical energy to be used in the design of controllable machinery. William’s wife helped him make it when a thunderstorm cut off their power and he had an old car battery, wire, and the thing that turns gives power to the house in the basement. First, he hooked up some wire to the old car battery, then he hooked the end of the wire to the thing in the basement. When he hooked it up old nails went flying to the old car battery. Something bad happened and his wife got killed helping the world. Since he made electromagnet people made more and more.
#3. Passenger Rail. The first passenger rail was built in 1804, the town called it Penydarren (Pen-y-dan), the man that bilt it was Richard Trevithick. Another name for it is passenger train, the first trian carried 10 tons of iron to test in for 10 mile. The train was bilt in 1804 and Richard was the first one to drive the train, even in testing. The trian worked off of fire and coal. Years later the train crashed in a big bolder, killing the driver (Richerd). His wife worked the train till her eldest son took over, building the train up and mking a engine for it. he worked for years till his mom die and years later he died. The passenger trian is still here to-day.
#4. Matches. Matches where made in 1799. Safety matches have potassium chlorate in the head of the match. The wood of the matches is either grained, white pine, or aspen wood. Ammonium phoshate and Paraffin wax for the treatment of wood. Animony trisulfide and potassium chlorate. Powdered glass and other inert. When the head of the match is dragged along the striking surface, the sand and the powdered glss cause friction and heat, then the match light’s. John Walker made the first match. When he was living in a log cabin, he tryed to make a fire and failed (it was winter). He grow cold, the he saw a little, thick peace of wood and a smooth rock and some broken glass. He put the piece of wood in the glass and slid the little piece of wood down the rock in front of the fire-place, it took a few tries then the fire started. He made more after finding more thick, little peaces.
Thank you for reading 🙂

history 5 lesson 15

Inventions I studied and how they help the Earth
#1. Pencils where made in 1876 and where made by a man. Now pencils are still made in his name. Pencils were made with some kind of powder mixed with water. Pencil’s help the Earth by help writing letters to warn or help someone. In 1876, a man named Cameron R. Wells, made the pencil because he was bored one day and “poof” there was the pencil.
#2. Doctors use thing tool to listen to heart beats. The tool is called a stethosope. The stethosope help many doctors in many states and many countries. The story of the stethosope: One day a fine doctor was walking down the street when he stoped and looked at 2 little girl with 2 tied with a string and where talking to the other. Then a hand grabed the doctor and brought him to a woman with a heart failer. The doctor did not know wht to do because he could not hear her heart even if he put he’s ear to her chest, so he did what the little girls did and tied a string to 2 cans. And he was aboul to hear her heart.
#3. Tunnels where made in 1700 and trains where the first to go trough the tunnels. Tunnels can go for miles. The first tunnel was made by Ralph Dodd, one day he could not get home because a steep hill was in front him and 2 other men where with him, so they found old shovels and started to dig and it was 3 and a half hour before they made to the other side. So years later more and more tunnels where made. Tunnels where made for care or trucks so that way they can get to their places faster.
#4. The first paved roads where made in 1500. The paved road was made of selicone. The paved roads help vans, cars, trucks, ect. A French enginer made a the paved roads because he had a drive way that was made of dirt and his kids had bike and had a hard time. So he made the first paved drive way. So years later more and more paved roads where made. The selicone had to dry for a couple of hour in the sun.

History 5 Lesson 5

Invention I studied and how they help the world

#1. The ice house; the ice house was built in a steep hill or built in a small, or big closet like house. The first ice house was built in 1600. Like when someone has a hight temp the mother, slave, maid, or someone would go to the ice house and put some ice into a bag or rag. The ice house was built in many places, like on farms. The ice house was put into a steep hill for people who lived in hills so the ice house was a great thing to build in thier case because it can get so hot. The ice house was built by a man that was very hot, so when he was done with building it he had a high temp because he was in the sun to long, when he got in in was cold and it felt good. So many ice houses where built that people had to cut down more trees.

#2. Oliver Evans: Oilver Evans was a man who built many things like the flour-mill and the wind-mill, wired phone. He built the first wind-mill, he built it with he bare hands. And he built the first flour -mill. He got the idea’s from his father that died in 1709. Oliver had 3 nickname, Olie, Olive, and builder. Oliver died making a invention that never made it to history. He died at age 87.

#3. Guns, shot guns, pistols, BB guns, and more. Some guns have loose, explosive powder. While shot guns have powder in little cases to fit the gun. Pisols: pistols are small so they are easyer to carry and are small so you can hide them in small places. BB guns: BB guns are harmless, most of the time, and are made for kids 10-18, The BB are little small, metal balls. Some guns have wide ends of their barrels while some have small end barrels. Back then men used big guns for hunting.

#4. Canning Process: cans where made in 1707. Hole were dug in the ground and the bottom was poured in first in a thin layer, then the sides. When the metal was hardened they took it out and poured in some more metal for the top. Where the metal come from: Miners, miners brought some rocks to the men in town that were useless the them. The men put the rocks into a big pot and melted. The women in town filled up the can with food to sell and keep. The now are made in the facorty and sold in shops and places.

Thank you for reading

History Essay lesson 5, 5th grade

Inventions I studied this week and how they help the world
#1. Susponsion Bridges
We humans always have been explorers, we like to go and explorer new places like on the other side of sea’s and big rivers and canyons and place we just can’t get to the other side. So one person (James Finley) had a idea of making a thing called a bridge, he thought that if he could make a bridge that can hold tons and tons of pounds. Different country’s had different bridges, like the Japanese had chain bridges and the Romans had brick and the U.S.A had metal and concrete bridges, ect. Some bridges had been to scary because they wiggled and jiggled and scared the people. One bridge wiggled and broke, no killed, no hurt, 2 car’s lost and one dog rescued from the river. One bridge killed a 12-year-old girl because it had no fences on the side to stop people from falling in the river, conyons, or ponds, that’s when fences where put in.

#2. Fire Hydrant
A fire started 3 miles away from a river, the house could not be saved, 1 killed and 2 hurt and burned. So they made a cart that can carry water and a hose if needed. It did not work so well, because the cart ran out of water and the hose was not a long hose, or there was no river nor pond. So they made pipes out of trees that can be wet bet not broke into pieces, half a forest or woods had the trees, but they worked and the women planted more trees. The inside of the tree was taked out and put in the ground 4 feet below, the firemen could dig a hole and make a hole in the logs and let the hole fill up and put the hose in the hole and put out the fire.

#3. Locomotive
Railroads, trians, and engines, all help people get from place to place. Different engine were tested, some failed (35% F-) and some passed (100% A+) Some were high-presure steam and some low-presure steam. Railroads were made of metal and wood, some were tested, like some that did a Y and some that did a fork. Trains and engines help people go to country to country and back, different trians went to different country’s hundreds of people get on trains every day. The first engine was make in 1890, that was a long time ago. People who were stuiped wrecked trains and get hundreds of men, women, and children killed each year.
Thank you for reading.