Inventions I studied and how they help the world
#1.Electromechanical relays are switches that typically are used to control high power electrical devices Electromechanical relays are used in many of today’s electrical machines when it is vital to control a circuit, either with a low power signal or when multiple circuits must be controlled by one single signal. The electromechanical relay, used as a constructive part of some early calculators and computers where invented in 1835 by the brilliant US scientist Joseph Henry (1797–1878), known mainly as the inventor of the electromagnetic phenomenon of self-inductance and mutual .Relays are switches that open and close circuits electromechanically or electronically. And relays control one electrical circuit by opening and closing contacts in another circuit. As relay diagrams show, when a relay contact is normally open (NO), there is an open contact when the relay is not energized. he electromechanical relay, used as a constructive part of some early calculators and computers where invented in 1835 by the brilliant US scientist Joseph Henry(1797–1878), known mainly as the inventor of the electromagnetic phenomenon of self-inductance and mutual.In this relay, when a current flows through the coil, it turns it into an electromagnet. The magnet pushes a switch to the left, forcing the spring contacts together, and completing the circuit they’re attached to. This is a relay from an electronic, hot-water immersion heater programmer. When the current is switched off, the contacts open again, switching the circuit off. A useful property of relays is that the circuit powering the coil is completely separate from the circuit switched on by the relay. For this reason relays are used where a safe low-voltage circuit controls a high-voltage circuit.
#2. Samuel Colt submitted a British patent for his revolver in 1835 and an American patent on February 25, 1836 for a Revolving gun, and made the first production model on March 5 of that year. Another revolver patent was issued to Samuel Colt on August 29, 1839.
A revolver is a repeating handgun that has a revolving cylinder containing multiple chambers and at least one barrel for firing.Though the term “revolver” usually only refers to handguns, other firearms may also have a revolving chamber. In firearms, the cylinder is the cylindrical, rotating part of a revolver containing multiple chambers. The cylinder revolves around a central axis in the revolver to bring each individual chamber into alignment with the barrel for firing. The hammer then strikes the firing pin with spring force, directly striking the bullet primer on the ammunition round in the chamber. As soon as the primer is compressed, a chain reaction is set off, igniting the gun powder in the bullet casing to extract the slug from the cylinder and down the gun barrel. The common view that revolvers are more powerful than handguns probably originates from the fact that .357 magnum (lots of man-stopping power) is a common revolver round, whereas 9mm(not so much man-stopping power) Luger is a common semi-auto handgun round.
#3. Samuel Morse invented Morse Code in Samuel F.B. Morse, in full Samuel Finley Breese Morse (born April 27, 1791, Charlestown, Massachusetts, U.S.—died April 2, 1872, New York, New York), American painter and inventor who, independent of similar efforts in Europe, developed an electric telegraph (1832–35). In1838 he developed the Morse Code. Way back in 1836, Samuel F. B. Morse, along with Joseph Henry and Alfred Vail, invented an electrical telegraph system. Before telephones were invented, it could send messages over long distances by using pulses of electricity to signal a machine to make marks on a moving paper tape. Short signals are referred to as dits (represented as dots). Long signals are referred to as dahs (represented as dashes). With the advent of radio communications, an international version of Morse code became widely used. The speed of trans mitting Morse code is measured in WPM (words per minute). This message means “S O S” (S = “…” and O is “—“), the distress signal. Officially, the short and long pulses are called “dits” and “dahs”, but we like to call them “dots” and “dashes” anyway. Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail also developed a telegraph machine, which is what is used to send Morse Code messages. The telegraph operators soon learned that they could translate the clicks directly into dots and dashes, and write these down by hand, thus making the paper tape unnecessary. When Morse code was adapted to radio communication, the dots and dashes were sent as short and long tone pulses.
#4. Origins. An early form of circuit breaker was described by Thomas Edison in an 1879 patent application, although his commercial power distribution system used fuses. Its purpose was to protect lighting circuit wiring from accidental short circuits and overloads. A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current, typically resulting from an overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected. Air Circuit Breaker is a device used to provide Over current and Short Circuit Protection for circuits ranging from 800 Amps to 10000 Amps. One should not be confused between Air Circuit Breaker and Air Blast Circuit Breaker. Air Circuit Breakers are usually used in low voltage applications below 450 volts. An early form of circuit breaker was described by Thomas Edison in an 1879 patent application, although his commercial power distribution system used fuses. Its purpose was to protect lighting circuit wiring from accidental short circuits and overloads. A circuit breaker “trips” or shuts off the electrical flow to protect the circuit from overheating and causing damage–even possibly an electrical fire. So, before you go and flip the switch on again, take a moment to determine what the root cause is of the tripping. The three typical causes are: Overloaded Circuit A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current, typically resulting from an overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected.
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