Inventions I studied and how they help the Earth
#1. Portland Cement. Cement is made of limestone (calcium carbonate) and other materials like clay, sand, and fly ash. Cement was first made in 1824, Joseph Aspdin mix limestone and clay till the limestone was calcined. He called it Portland because the limestone looks like Portland stone. The cement was mixed in with the concrete and road was made. It took him years to make the cement and to test it on his driveway, and it worked. Cement is being used now more than ever. The U.S.A has then cement in the world and many high-ways need the cement. If we had no high-ways the ground will be bumpy a lot. If it wasn’t for Joseph Aspdin, we would have no cement and the hospital cars will be too bumpy for the person that needs help.
#2. Electromagnet. The first electromagnet was made in 1825 (1 years after Joseph Aspdin made cement). A Lancastrian electrician, William Sturgeon, revealed his invention of the electromagnet. Since he made the electromagnet, this enabled electrical energy to be used in the design of controllable machinery. William’s wife helped him make it when a thunderstorm cut off their power and he had an old car battery, wire, and the thing that turns gives power to the house in the basement. First, he hooked up some wire to the old car battery, then he hooked the end of the wire to the thing in the basement. When he hooked it up old nails went flying to the old car battery. Something bad happened and his wife got killed helping the world. Since he made electromagnet people made more and more.
#3. Passenger Rail. The first passenger rail was built in 1804, the town called it Penydarren (Pen-y-dan), the man that bilt it was Richard Trevithick. Another name for it is passenger train, the first trian carried 10 tons of iron to test in for 10 mile. The train was bilt in 1804 and Richard was the first one to drive the train, even in testing. The trian worked off of fire and coal. Years later the train crashed in a big bolder, killing the driver (Richerd). His wife worked the train till her eldest son took over, building the train up and mking a engine for it. he worked for years till his mom die and years later he died. The passenger trian is still here to-day.
#4. Matches. Matches where made in 1799. Safety matches have potassium chlorate in the head of the match. The wood of the matches is either grained, white pine, or aspen wood. Ammonium phoshate and Paraffin wax for the treatment of wood. Animony trisulfide and potassium chlorate. Powdered glass and other inert. When the head of the match is dragged along the striking surface, the sand and the powdered glss cause friction and heat, then the match light’s. John Walker made the first match. When he was living in a log cabin, he tryed to make a fire and failed (it was winter). He grow cold, the he saw a little, thick peace of wood and a smooth rock and some broken glass. He put the piece of wood in the glass and slid the little piece of wood down the rock in front of the fire-place, it took a few tries then the fire started. He made more after finding more thick, little peaces.
Thank you for reading 🙂
Supergirl 